What happened during the Nazi siege of Warsaw in 1939?

During the 1939 Nazi siege of Warsaw, German forces subjected the city to relentless artillery barrages and terror-bombings that showed no regard for the civilian population, eventually reducing parts of the city to rubble.1

The siege resulted in a significant humanitarian toll, with more than 10,000 citizens killed and over 50,000 wounded before the depletion of supplies forced the garrison to surrender on September 28, 1939. This military action was part of the broader invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of World War II. Following the surrender, the subsequent Nazi occupation aimed to reduce Warsaw to a provincial city, leading to the systematic plundering of its cultural treasures and the forced confinement of the city's Jewish population into the Warsaw Ghetto.2