What do the terms Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes mean in Telangana’s population?

In Telangana, the terms Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are official designations used to identify specific groups within the population that have historically faced social and economic marginalization. Together, these groups account for approximately one-fourth of the state's residents.1

• Scheduled Castes: This is the official designation for groups formerly referred to as "untouchables," who have historically been excluded from the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy due to their association with ritually polluting occupations. Members of these communities often refer to themselves as Dalit ("Oppressed").12
• Scheduled Tribes: This is the official designation for indigenous minority peoples. In Telangana, these communities are associated with specific languages, such as Lambadi (Banjari).1

To address historical inequities, the government of Telangana implements social welfare programs for these groups, including the reservation of places in educational institutions, employment opportunities, and housing and land-distribution schemes. Additionally, these groups are guaranteed a percentage of representation in state and national legislatures to ensure their voices are included in the political process.32