What dangers have underground coal fires caused in Jharia?

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Map highlighting the state of Jharkhand in eastern India, shaded in orange with its capital, Ranchi, marked. Surrounding countries including Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka are also shown for regional context. — Jharkhand Jharkhand, India.

Underground coal fires in Jharia, located in the Jharkhand state of India, have posed severe risks since they were first identified in 1916. These persistent fires have caused significant destruction to local properties and have resulted in the deaths of miners.1

The fires continue to spread through the coalfield, which is a critical source of bituminous coal used for coke. Beyond the immediate physical danger to life and infrastructure, the situation highlights the ongoing challenges regarding safety conditions within the region's mining industry.1