What climate conditions create hot and dry summers in Kyrgyzstan’s valleys?

The hot and dry summers experienced in the valleys of Kyrgyzstan are primarily driven by the country’s significant distance from the oceans and its unique topography.1

The climate is heavily influenced by the surrounding deserts and plains to the north, west, and southeast. The lower elevations of the country’s fringing mountain ranges are situated within belts of high temperature and are exposed to hot, drying winds that originate from these neighboring desert regions. This creates a stark contrast between the arid, high-temperature conditions of the lower-lying valleys and the climate of the mountainous interior.1