What caused public protests in Kuwait in late 2011?

In late 2011, a period of unprecedented public dissent began in Kuwait primarily due to widespread allegations of corruption. These allegations sparked demonstrations led by youth activists and members of the political opposition, ultimately resulting in the removal of the prime minister and the dissolution of the pro-government parliament.12

Tensions escalated further in October 2012 when the emir ordered changes to electoral rules, which were widely perceived as an attempt to secure a pro-government majority in the legislature. This action prompted thousands of citizens to take to the streets in protest, leading to confrontations with police who utilized tear gas and stun grenades to disperse the crowds.12