What are tinkhundla in Eswatini’s political system?

In Eswatini’s political system, tinkhundla (singular: inkhundla) serve as the country's grassroots administrative constituencies.12

Under the current constitutional framework, the general electorate—consisting of all citizens over the age of 18—is organized into 59 of these constituencies. Each inkhundla is responsible for electing one representative to the House of Assembly, which is the lower chamber of the country's bicameral Parliament.1

Historically, the tinkhundla system was restored by King Sobhuza II following his decision to repeal the post-independence constitution and return to a traditional system of government. While the system functions as a mechanism for local representation, it operates within a political environment where the king retains significant executive authority and political parties are effectively excluded from the formal parliamentary process.21