What are ofrendas used for during the Day of the Dead?

An ofrenda is a decorated altar constructed in homes or public spaces to honor and welcome the souls of deceased loved ones during the Day of the Dead (Día de Muertos) holiday. It is believed that during the celebration, the spirits of the departed return to the world of the living for a visit, and the ofrenda serves as a focal point for this reunion.12

The altar is used to provide sustenance and guidance for these returning spirits. Food items, such as pan de muerto and sugar skulls, are offered because it is thought that the dead are hungry after their journey. Decorations like marigolds and incense are used to guide the spirits back to the world of the living through their scent and color.312

Furthermore, the ofrenda incorporates the four elements of nature:
* Fire: Candles light the spirits' path.2
* Water: Provided for purification.12
* Earth: Represented by food to nourish the spirits.12
* Air: Represented by papel picado, which allows the soul to pass through.12