How was Bahrain’s National Action Charter approved in 2001?

Bahrain’s National Action Charter was approved in 2001 through a national referendum, in which it received overwhelming support from the Bahraini people.123

The charter was drafted in late 2000 under the direction of Sheikh Hamad ibn ʿIsa Al Khalifah, who was then the emir of Bahrain. It served as a foundational document that articulated the country's goals of transitioning toward a constitutional monarchy and establishing an elected parliament. Following its ratification by the public, the charter paved the way for the promulgation of a new constitution in 2002.123