How is pansori performed?

Pansori is a traditional Korean narrative song genre performed by a vocalist, known as a kwangdae, accompanied by a drummer, or kosu, who plays a buk (a double-headed barrel drum).123

The performance is characterized by a blend of three primary elements:
* Chang: The singing portion of the performance.12
* Aniri: Spoken narration and dialogue.2
* Ballim: Dramatic gestures, often utilizing a fan held by the singer to enhance the storytelling.12

The drummer plays a vital role by providing the rhythmic foundation for the songs and offering vocal interjections known as ch’uimsae. Throughout the performance, which can unfold over several hours, there is significant improvised interaction between the vocalist and the drummer. The term pansori itself reflects its origins in open venues, as it is derived from pan (open space) and sori (singing or sound).123