How is Karnataka governed under India’s constitution?

The government of Karnataka is established by the Constitution of India, which organizes the nation on the principle of federalism. The state’s governance structure includes the following key components:12

• Executive Branch: The governor, appointed by the president of India, serves as the constitutional head of state. While executive actions are conducted in the governor's name, actual administrative power is held by the chief minister, who leads a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the governor.12
• Legislature: Karnataka utilizes a bicameral legislature consisting of a Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and a Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad).12
• Judiciary: The state High Court operates under the Supreme Court of India and oversees a system of district and subordinate courts.1
• Administration: The state is divided into four divisions and over two dozen districts, each headed by a deputy commissioner who also acts as the district magistrate and collector.1

Under the federal system, the state government exercises legislative control over subjects defined in the State List, such as agriculture and public health, and shares responsibility for Concurrent List subjects like education.23