How is Japan divided into 47 prefectures?

Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, a system that emerged following the dissolution of the feudal system in 1871. Initially, there were more than 300 prefectures based on the former fiefs of feudal lords, but through a process of frequent amalgamation and partition, the current configuration was established by 1888.1

These 47 prefectures are categorized into four distinct types based on their administrative status:

• Ken: 43 standard prefectures.2
• To: The metropolis of Tokyo, which received this status in 1943.21
• Dō: The district of Hokkaido.2
• Fu: Two urban prefectures, Osaka and Kyoto.21

Prefectures are administered by governors and assemblies elected by direct public vote. They are further subdivided into minor civil divisions, including cities (shi), towns (machi or chō), and villages (mura or son), all of which maintain their own local government units.2