How far from its coast can a country claim territorial waters under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea?

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a country may claim territorial waters extending up to 12 nautical miles (22 km) from its coast. Within this zone, the coastal state exercises full sovereignty over the water, the seabed, and the airspace above, subject to the right of innocent passage for foreign vessels.1234

Beyond these territorial waters, countries may also claim an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extending up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from their shorelines. While this zone does not grant the same level of sovereignty as territorial waters, it provides the coastal state with exclusive rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage natural resources found in the water and on the seabed.5231