How does the Senate review legislation passed by the House of Commons?

In Canada’s bicameral parliamentary system, the Senate acts as a chamber of "sober second thought," tasked with considering and revising legislation passed by the House of Commons.12

When a bill is passed by the House of Commons, it must also be adopted by the Senate in identical form before it can receive Royal Assent and become law. The Senate reviews these bills through debate and voting processes. While the Senate possesses the constitutional power to reject or obstruct legislation, it rarely does so because it is an appointed, nonelective body rather than an elected one.132

This structure ensures that proposed laws are subjected to scrutiny by both chambers, providing a check on the legislative process while balancing regional representation within Canada.12