How does dense Mediterranean water flow back into the Atlantic Ocean?

Dense water formed in the Mediterranean Sea is warmer and saltier than the North Atlantic Central Water (NACW). Because of this higher density, it flows westward into the Atlantic Ocean through the bottom 100 metres of the Strait of Gibraltar, while less dense Atlantic water flows eastward into the Mediterranean through the upper part of the strait.12

Upon entering the Atlantic, this Mediterranean overflow current accelerates and descends along the continental slope, reaching depths of 800 to 1,300 metres. As it flows, the current is influenced by the Coriolis force, causing it to bank to the right against the continental slope of the Gulf of Cádiz.1

The distribution of this water is further shaped by the formation of westward-drifting eddies known as "Meddies." These eddies spin off from the main current, particularly near Cape St. Vincent, and contribute to the spreading of the Mediterranean's distinct temperature and salinity signature—often referred to as the Mediterranean Salt Tongue—as they mix with surrounding waters.1