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How does Saturn compare in size and mass with Jupiter?

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Saturn
Saturn Saturn and its spectacular rings, in a natural-color composite of 126 images taken by the Cassini spacecraft on October 6, 2004. The view is directed toward Saturn's southern hemisphere, which is tipped toward the Sun. Shadows cast by the rings are visible against the bluish northern hemisphere, while the planet's shadow is projected on the rings to the left.

Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system, surpassed in both size and mass by Jupiter.12

In terms of physical dimensions, Saturn occupies approximately 60 percent of Jupiterā€™s total volume. Despite this significant size, Saturn is much less massive than its counterpart, possessing only about one-third of Jupiterā€™s mass.12

This disparity is primarily due to Saturn's low mean density, which is about 70 percent that of water. While both planets are composed largely of hydrogen, analysis of their gravitational fields indicates that Saturn is more centrally condensed than Jupiter, meaning it contains a higher proportion of materials denser than hydrogen near its core. Additionally, while both planets possess internal heat sources, Saturnā€™s lower mass meant it had less total energy content at the time of its formation compared to Jupiter.123