How does Kazakhstan’s climate vary between the north and the south?

Kazakhstan experiences a sharply continental climate characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. The climate varies significantly between the northern and southern regions.1

Temperature Variations

• Winter: Northern and central regions are significantly colder, with average January temperatures ranging from −2 to 3 °F (−19 to −16 °C). The south is milder, with average temperatures between 23 and 29 °F (−5 to −1.4 °C).1
• Summer: The north experiences cooler summers, with average July temperatures reaching 68 °F (20 °C), whereas the south is warmer, with averages rising to 84 °F (29 °C).1

Precipitation

Annual precipitation levels also differ by region. Northern and central areas typically receive between 8 and 12 inches (200 to 300 millimeters) of precipitation annually. In contrast, southern mountain valleys can receive up to 16 or 20 inches.1