How does Israel’s climate differ between the Mediterranean coast and the Negev desert?

Israel’s climate varies significantly between the Mediterranean coast and the Negev desert, primarily due to differences in humidity, temperature, and precipitation levels.

Mediterranean Coast
The coastal plain experiences a typical Mediterranean climate characterized by warm, humid summers and cool, pleasant winters. Sea breezes provide a moderating influence during the summer months, keeping temperatures milder than inland areas. Rainfall is relatively consistent, with major cities along the coast averaging about 20 to 21 inches (508–533 mm) of precipitation annually, occurring primarily during the rainy season from October to April.12

Negev Desert
In contrast, the Negev is an arid, desertlike region that becomes increasingly dry toward the south. While the northern Negev near Beersheba receives enough rainfall (8–12 inches) to support some grain farming, precipitation drops significantly further south, becoming negligible near Eilat. Temperatures in the Negev are generally hotter and drier than on the coast; for example, in Eilat, summer daytime temperatures can reach as high as 114 °F (46 °C). The region is also prone to flash flooding during the winter rainy season due to its rugged terrain and seasonal watercourses.3452