How does Florence’s location in a basin surrounded by hills affect its climate?

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Florence’s location in a small basin encircled by hills is a primary factor in its changeable climate. This geographical setting contributes to significant seasonal extremes, resulting in summers that are typically extremely hot and humid, and winters that are cool and wet.1

While the surrounding hills define the city's landscape, they also play a role in trapping heat and influencing the local weather patterns that characterize the city's climate.