How do water currents move through the Caspian Sea?

Water circulation in the Caspian Sea primarily follows a counterclockwise pattern, characterized by a north-to-south movement along the western shore. As these water masses move further south, the circulation develops into a more complex pattern featuring several subsidiary movements.1

The speed and intensity of these currents can be influenced by strong winds, which may accelerate the flow. Additionally, prevailing wind activity can cause upwellings of deep water, particularly along the eastern shore, which can lead to significant drops in summer water temperatures. While the sea surface is frequently ruffled by wave action, the overall circulation remains a fundamental aspect of the sea's hydrology.1