How do the Niger River and Lake Chad support fishing and trade?

The Niger River and Lake Chad are vital regional assets that support both local livelihoods and economic activity through fishing and transportation.

Fishing

Fishing is a specialized and essential economic activity along the Niger River, particularly during the dry season when other sources of fish are limited. Various ethnic groups, such as the Sorko, Bozo, and Somono, have traditionally relied on the river for their livelihoods. The Niger River contains numerous food species, including catfish, carp, and Nile perch.12

Similarly, Lake Chad serves as a primary source of fish for the region. About half of the fish caught in the Lake Chad, Chari, and Logone basins are salted and dried for export. In both areas, fishing has gained increased importance as a food source, especially following livestock losses during recurring droughts in the Sahel.34

Trade and Transportation

While the Niger River is used for commercial shipping along more than three-fourths of its length, its navigability varies significantly by season and location. Large vessels navigate from the Atlantic Ocean to Onitsha year-round, while other sections rely on seasonal water levels. Conversely, Lake Chad is little used for commercial navigation, though it has seen intermittent barge traffic. In both regions, traditional watercraft, such as canoes, remain a common means of transport.567