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How do the Jhelum River and Chenab River contribute to the Indus River system?

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Physical map showing the Indus River basin and its drainage network across parts of Pakistan, India, China, and Afghanistan. The map details river courses, tributaries, canals, dams, irrigated and marsh areas, sand regions, and elevation changes with shaded relief. International, disputed, and control boundaries are marked, and a small locator map in the corner shows the basin's position within South Asia. — Indus River The Indus River basin and its drainage network.

The Jhelum and Chenab rivers are two of the five major tributaries that define the Punjab region and contribute significantly to the Indus River system.5

The Jhelum River flows southward through the Punjab province before joining the Chenab River near the city of Trimmu. The Chenab, which is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga streams, continues its course after receiving the Jhelum and eventually empties into the Sutlej River.123

Ultimately, the combined waters of these rivers flow into the Panjnad River, which serves as the critical link between the five rivers of the Punjab and the Indus River, joining the latter near Mithankot. This influx of water from the Punjab tributaries substantially increases the volume of the Indus, particularly during the flood season from July to September.435