How do temperatures vary across the Ob River basin in winter and summer?

The Ob River basin is characterized by a severely continental climate, featuring short, warm summers and long, cold winters.1

Winter Temperatures

Winter conditions across the basin are harsh and prolonged. Average January temperatures vary significantly by location:
* Northern regions: On the shores of the Kara Sea, temperatures average approximately −18 °F (−28 °C).1
* Southern regions: In the upper reaches of the Irtysh, temperatures are milder, averaging around 3 °F (−16 °C).1
* Extreme lows: In the Altai Mountains, temperatures can drop as low as −76 °F (−60 °C).1

Summer Temperatures

Summers in the basin are short, with temperatures generally increasing toward the south:
* Northern regions: Near the Kara Sea, July temperatures average about 40 °F (4 °C).1
* Southern regions: In the upper reaches of the river, July temperatures typically exceed 68 °F (20 °C).1
* Extreme highs: In the arid southern areas of the basin, temperatures can reach as high as 104 °F (40 °C).1