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How did tunnels through the Rock of Gibraltar improve travel across the peninsula?

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Tunnels through the Rock of Gibraltar were constructed early in the 20th century to facilitate communication between the east and west sides of the peninsula.1

Beyond improving internal connectivity, these tunneling projects served a dual purpose: the material excavated from the rock was utilized to reclaim 64 acres (26 hectares) of land from the sea, which helped expand the area of the territory's otherwise cramped settlement.1