How did the location of Athens expand after about 1000 BCE?

Starting around 1000 BCE, Athens began to expand in a northwesterly direction into an area that had previously been used primarily for cemeteries. As the city grew, evidence of occupation by the living—such as wells—began to appear in this region, while graves were increasingly restricted to specific plots or relocated along roads outside the town limits.1

During this period of development, the city's public life and infrastructure also began to take shape in the areas west and northwest of the Acropolis, where the Agora and various public buildings were eventually established. This expansion marked a transition from the city's earlier, more confined layout to a broader urban footprint that supported the growing population and prosperity of the city.1