How did the end of the Ottoman Empire affect Palestine after World War I?

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Palestine underwent a profound political transformation as it transitioned from Ottoman rule to a British-administered territory. The future of the region was shaped by conflicting wartime commitments made by Great Britain, which created long-term instability and tension among the local inhabitants.12

Key developments included:

• The Mandate System: At the 1920 Conference of San Remo, the Allied powers divided former Ottoman territories into mandates. Palestine was placed under a British mandate, which was formally approved by the League of Nations in 1922.324
• Conflicting Promises: Britain’s administration was complicated by contradictory wartime pledges: the Hussein-McMahon correspondence, which suggested Arab independence; the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which partitioned the region into spheres of influence; and the Balfour Declaration, which supported a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.52
• Political Fragmentation: The mandate period saw the rise of competing nationalisms. Palestinian Arabs, who had hoped for independence, rejected the Balfour Declaration and the mandate, while the Zionist movement sought to establish a Jewish national home.624

This era established Palestine as a distinct political entity for the first time in centuries, but the incompatible aspirations of the Arab and Jewish communities, coupled with British policy shifts, led to recurring violence and political deadlock that persisted until the end of the mandate in 1948.674