How did the Treaty of Berlin divide the Bulgarian lands among the principality of Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, and the Ottoman Empire?

The Treaty of Berlin, signed in July 1878, significantly revised the earlier Treaty of San Stefano by partitioning Bulgarian lands to limit Russian influence in the Balkans. The division was structured as follows:

• Principality of Bulgaria: A much smaller, autonomous state was created in the territory situated between the Danube River, the Balkan Mountains, and the region of Sofia. While autonomous, it remained under the sovereignty of the Sublime Porte (the Ottoman government).12
• Eastern Rumelia: To the south of the Balkan Mountains, the treaty established the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia. This region remained subject to the Ottoman sultan but was governed by a Christian governor.12
• Ottoman Empire: The region of Macedonia was returned entirely to the direct control of the Ottoman Empire.13

This settlement effectively dismantled the vision of a large, unified Bulgarian state, leaving significant portions of the population under Ottoman administration.13