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How did the Russo-Persian wars change control of eastern Transcaucasia?

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Snow-covered peaks and ridges of the Caucasus Mountains in Russia stretch across the landscape under a pale sky. — Caucasus Caucasus Mountains in Russia.

The Russo-Persian wars of the early 19th century fundamentally shifted control of eastern Transcaucasia from Persian suzerainty to the Russian Empire.12

Through the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, Persia ceded a wide area of the eastern Caucasus khanates to Russia, extending from Länkäran northward to Derbent. Following further military conflict, Russia acquired additional territory in 1828, including the entire plain of Yerevan and a stretch of the northern Armenian plateau.1

These territorial changes resulted in the Russian acquisition of key regions such as Baku, Shirvan, Ganja (Gäncä), Nakhichevan (Naxçıvan), and Yerevan. Consequently, the Azerbaijani Turks of the Caucasus were separated from the majority of their linguistic and religious compatriots who remained in Iran. This expansion marked a decisive transition in the region, as Russia solidified its influence over areas that had previously been dominated by Muslim khanates under Persian control.21