How did the Ottoman Empire gain control of Egypt in 1517?

The Ottoman Empire’s control of Egypt in 1517 was the culmination of a military campaign driven by long-standing territorial and political rivalries between the Ottomans and the Mamluk sultanate.12

The conflict originated from a contest to control frontier states in northern Syria and was exacerbated by the Mamluks' attempt to form a coalition with the Safavid dynasty against Ottoman expansion. Following the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Marj Dābiq in 1516, where the Mamluk sultan Qānṣūh al-Ghawrī was killed, the Mamluks in Cairo refused to accept Ottoman settlement terms.21

Spurred by the Mamluk traitor Khayr Bey, the Ottoman sultan Selim I marched into Egypt in 1517. After defeating the Mamluk forces at the Battle of Raydāniyyah near Cairo, the Ottomans successfully brought Egypt under their rule. Following the conquest, Selim I installed Khayr Bey as the Ottoman governor, effectively reducing Egypt to a province governed from Constantinople.213