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How did the French intervention in Mexico end after the American Civil War?

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Map of Latin America showing countries, major cities, and key physical features such as mountain ranges, highlands, and rivers. The map includes Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America, with labeled regions like the Andes, Brazilian Highlands, and Gran Chaco, as well as an inset highlighting the West Indies. Surrounding bodies of water, including the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea, are also labeled.
history of Latin America

The French intervention in Mexico, initiated by Napoleon III to establish a monarchy and expand French influence, collapsed following the conclusion of the American Civil War in 1865.12

With the U.S. conflict resolved, the American government exerted significant diplomatic pressure on France, citing the Monroe Doctrine to demand the withdrawal of foreign troops. Facing mounting financial costs, domestic political criticism, and this external pressure, Napoleon III agreed in 1866 to remove his forces.231

The French military withdrawal was completed by March 1867, leaving Emperor Maximilian without his primary support. Despite the loss of French backing, Maximilian refused to abdicate and attempted to defend his position. His forces were eventually defeated and captured by republican troops at Querétaro in May 1867. Following a court-martial, Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867, an act by President Benito Juårez intended to assert Mexican independence and signal that foreign monarchical interventions would not be tolerated.12