How did the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline help transport Caspian oil to the Mediterranean Sea?

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline serves as a critical infrastructure project that facilitates the transport of petroleum from the Caspian Sea region to global markets.

Following agreements made in the late 1990s between Caspian nations and petroleum companies to expand export capabilities, the pipeline was constructed to connect Baku, Azerbaijan, to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey on the Mediterranean coast. Since its opening in 2005, the pipeline has provided a direct route for oil to reach the Mediterranean Sea, bypassing the need for transit through other regional waterways or existing rail-based transport systems.1