How did the Antonine Wall differ from Hadrian’s Wall?

The Antonine Wall and Hadrian’s Wall served as Roman frontier barriers in Britain, but they differed significantly in construction, location, and longevity.12

Key Differences

• Location and Scale: Hadrian’s Wall was built across the narrower part of northern England, spanning 73 miles (118 km) from the Tyne estuary to the Solway Firth. The Antonine Wall was constructed further north in Scotland, spanning a shorter distance of approximately 36 miles (58 km) between the Firth of Forth and the River Clyde.12
• Construction Materials: Hadrian’s Wall was primarily a stone structure, though parts in the west were initially built of turf before being replaced by stone. In contrast, the Antonine Wall was constructed of turf set upon a stone base.12
• Design and Features: Hadrian’s Wall featured a complex system including a stone wall, a deep ditch, milecastles, towers, and a rearward defensive ditch known as the vallum. The Antonine Wall was fronted by a large ditch and included 16 forts and a connecting road known as the Military Way.12
• Historical Role: Hadrian’s Wall was established in 122 CE and ultimately served as the long-term, substantive northern boundary of Roman Britain. The Antonine Wall was built around 142 CE; it was abandoned in the 160s CE as the Roman military retreated to the more established line of Hadrian’s Wall.12