How did the Ahom kingdom resist Mughal expansion in the 17th century?

The Ahom kingdom successfully resisted repeated Mughal attempts at conquest throughout the 17th century by leveraging a well-organized administrative system and a strong military presence. Central to their defense was the paik system, which required able-bodied men to serve in the state’s militia, ensuring a ready supply of soldiers.1

The Ahom military frequently engaged Mughal forces in both land and naval battles. Notable successes included the Battle of Duimunisila in 1638, which featured a significant naval defeat of the Mughals, and the decisive Battle of Saraighat in 1671, where Ahom forces led by Lachit Barphukan repelled the Mughal army. Despite experiencing temporary setbacks—such as the Mughal occupation of the capital, Garhgaon, in 1662—the Ahom consistently reorganized and reclaimed territory, ultimately securing their independence through strategic leadership and persistent resistance.1