How did the 1966 constitution address ethnic divisions in Fiji?

The 1966 constitution of Fiji served as a compromise between the principles of parliamentary democracy and the country's existing ethnic divisions. To address these divisions, the constitution implemented several key measures:21

• Ethnic Classification: Voters were categorized into three groups—Fijian, Indian, or General (which included any non-Fijian, non-Indian citizens)—and legislative representatives were elected through both communal and cross-voting rolls.21
• Land and Political Protections: The constitution provided constitutional protection for Fijian land rights, which had been guaranteed by the 1874 Deed of Cession. Additionally, it granted Fijian chiefs an effective veto over significant matters concerning the status of Fijians and any amendments to the constitution itself.21
• Franchise Expansion: The franchise was extended to all adults, regardless of ethnicity, whereas previously, representation for Fijians had been limited to their chiefs.21

While Indian leaders had long advocated for a common roll system, they ultimately accepted this compromise as a political reality. The system was designed to empower Fijian politicians, provided they maintained a unified vote and partnered with General voters.21