How did the 1952 military coup transform Egypt’s government?

The 1952 military coup, led by the Free Officers, fundamentally transformed Egypt’s political and social structure by ending the monarchy and establishing the Republic of Egypt in 1953.123

Key transformations included:

• Political Restructuring: The new military government, initially led by Gen. Muhammad Naguib and later by Gamal Abdel Nasser, abolished all existing political parties and permanently ended the 1923 constitution. The regime later established state-dominated organizations, such as the Arab Socialist Union, to manage political life.124
• Social and Economic Reform: The government implemented significant land reforms to redistribute property from the elite to the poor, accelerated industrialization, and advanced women’s rights, including granting women the right to vote in the 1956 constitution.243
• Ideological Shift: The post-revolutionary regime prioritized modernization, socialism, and Arab nationalism. This included the nationalization of the Suez Canal and other foreign-owned companies, as well as a commitment to Pan-Arabism, which influenced Egypt’s foreign policy for decades.124