How did restoration projects change Old Havana during the late 20th century?

During the late 20th century, Old Havana underwent significant transformation through extensive restoration efforts. Following the Cuban Revolution, the area had experienced a period of deterioration as government resources were initially prioritized for the hinterlands.1

A major shift occurred in the 1980s when the government launched a projected 35-year, multimillion-dollar restoration project. The primary objectives were to foster a deeper appreciation of Cuban history among its citizens and to revitalize the area to attract tourism, thereby increasing foreign exchange. This revival was further bolstered by the designation of Old Havana as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.21

Key aspects of these projects included:
* Historic Preservation: Restoration work focused on iconic structures, such as the Cathedral of Havana, which was returned to its original appearance.2
* Fortifications: Efforts were centered on the old Spanish fortifications that dominate the harbour, including Castillo del Morro and Castillo de la Fuerza.2
* Public Spaces: Significant areas, such as the Plaza de Armas, were included in the restoration plans to preserve the city's traditional character.2