How did capoeira spread beyond Bahia and Afro-Brazilian communities?

Capoeira, a dancelike martial art rooted in the traditions of enslaved Africans in Brazil, was historically practiced within Afro-Brazilian communities, particularly in the state of Bahia. Although it was outlawed by the government until the early 20th century due to its perceived threat to society, the practice eventually transitioned from a marginalized activity into a structured sport.1

The spread of capoeira beyond its origins began in the 1930s in Bahia, where clubs were established to train students in precise kicking, passing, and strategic deception. Similar training centers emerged later in Rio de Janeiro. By the late 20th century, capoeira gained an international following, and by the early 21st century, active clubs existed in cities worldwide. Additionally, the art form has been integrated into Brazilian folkloric dance groups, further increasing its visibility and reach beyond its original cultural context.12