How did apartment living reduce private green space in Tehran?

The shift toward apartment living in Tehran has significantly reduced private green space by moving away from the traditional architectural model of courtyard houses. Historically, these traditional homes featured central courtyards that provided residents with private, cultivated green spaces.123

In contrast, the transition to apartment living—driven by factors such as increased population density and higher land and water prices—has made the maintenance and cultivation of such private gardens increasingly difficult. While traditional homes were designed around these internal, nature-integrated spaces, modern residential developments often lack the same capacity for private greenery, contributing to a broader loss of the garden spaces that once defined the city's landscape.1