How did Moshoeshoe I build unity among the Sotho people?

Moshoeshoe I, the founder of the Sotho nation, built unity through a combination of strategic leadership, military protection, and adroit diplomacy during a period of intense regional turmoil.12

His efforts to unify the people included:

• Providing Security: By establishing a stronghold at the nearly impregnable Thaba Bosiu, he offered safety to various groups displaced by regional conflicts, eventually attracting a following of approximately 80,000 people.12
• Incorporating Rivals: Rather than merely defeating his opponents, he often absorbed them into his growing state, including local African rivals like the Tlokwa.12
• Diplomatic Skill: He utilized shrewd diplomatic marriages to extend his influence and welcomed missionaries from the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society to serve as intermediaries with British authorities in Cape Town.12
• Generosity and Leadership: Influenced by the wise chief Mohlomi, Moshoeshoe cultivated a reputation for treating both allies and enemies with generosity, which helped him consolidate his authority and maintain the loyalty of his diverse followers.1