How did Medina become the center of the first Muslim community?

Medina became the center of the first Muslim community (ummah) following the Hijrah in 622 CE, when the Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to escape persecution.12

Upon his arrival in the city—formerly known as Yathrib—Muhammad negotiated the Constitution of Medina with local clans. This document established a sociopolitical framework that united the muhājirūn (early Muslims from Mecca) and the anṣār (the Medinese "helpers" from the Aws and Khazraj tribes) into a single community.31

By organizing the city around Islamic principles and providing spiritual and political leadership, Muhammad transformed Medina into the administrative capital of the expanding Islamic state. This consolidation allowed the nascent Muslim community to function as a unified entity for the first time, providing the foundation for the subsequent growth of the Islamic empire.421