How did German occupation affect Luxembourg during World War II?

During World War II, Germany invaded and occupied Luxembourg in May 1940. Unlike the previous occupation during World War I, the Luxembourgish government and the Grand Duchess refused to collaborate with the Nazi regime and instead went into exile.12

Under German rule, the country was incorporated into the German Reich, and the use of the French language was officially banned. Following the liberation of the country in September 1944, Luxembourg abandoned its policy of perpetual neutrality and began participating in new international organizations, such as the United Nations and the Benelux Economic Union, to ensure its future security and economic stability.13