How did French rule contribute to Beirut’s economic growth?

Under the French mandate, which began formally in 1923, Beirut experienced economic growth primarily by establishing itself as a prominent center of trade with surrounding countries.12

The French administration contributed to this development by improving the city's public utilities and communications infrastructure. Additionally, the period saw an expansion in education and the growth of a middle class in Beirut, which fostered a sense of national interest. While the city prospered as a commercial hub during this time, it is important to note that the broader Lebanese economy faced challenges, including a worldwide economic depression and a decline in the local silk industry.12