How did British attacks damage Kabul in 1842 and 1880?

British military interventions in Kabul during the 19th century resulted in significant physical destruction to the city:

• 1842: During a punitive raid, British forces destroyed residential property and local bazaars.1
• 1880: A second attack led to the destruction of the Bālā Hiṣār, the fortified citadel that had served as the seat of power in Kabul.1

These actions were part of the broader Anglo-Afghan Wars, a series of conflicts in which Great Britain sought to exert control over Afghanistan and counter Russian influence in the region.2