How did Belarus participate in the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022?

Belarus played a significant role in facilitating the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by serving as a staging ground for Russian military forces.12

In the months leading up to the invasion, Belarus hosted tens of thousands of Russian troops under the guise of joint military exercises. When the full-scale invasion began in February 2022, these Russian forces launched their offensive from Belarusian soil, striking south along the west bank of the Dnieper River in a direct drive toward Kyiv.123

During the conflict, the administration of Alyaksandr Lukashenko further solidified its alignment with Russia by staging a constitutional referendum. This move formally renounced Belarus's status as a neutral power, effectively permitting the establishment of a permanent Russian military presence within its borders, including the deployment of nuclear weapons.12