How did Ardashir I overthrow Artabanus V and end Parthian rule?

Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanian dynasty, ended Parthian rule by systematically expanding his power from the province of Persis. Beginning in 208, Ardashir consolidated control over neighboring territories, including Kerman and coastal regions, while gathering Iranian allies who were dissatisfied with Parthian overlordship.123

As Ardashir extended his influence into western Iran, the Parthian Empire was simultaneously weakened by internal divisions and ongoing conflicts with Rome. The decisive confrontation occurred in 224 at the Battle of Hormizdagan, where Ardashir’s forces defeated the Parthian army and killed the last Parthian king, Artabanus V. Following this victory, Ardashir entered the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon and was proclaimed "king of kings of Iran," marking the transition to the Sasanian Empire.231