How are the Western Alps different from the Central Alps?

The Alps are divided into three segments—Western, Central, and Eastern—based on their geographic location and distinct physical characteristics.1

Geographic Orientation

The Western Alps trend north from the Mediterranean coast through southeastern France and northwestern Italy toward Lake Geneva and the Rhône valley. In contrast, the Central Alps occupy the region extending eastward from the Great St. Bernard Pass to the area of the Splügen Pass north of Lake Como.1

Physical Features

• Western Alps: This segment includes the low-lying arid limestones of the Maritime Alps and the crystalline peaks of the Mercantour Massif. It also contains Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the entire Alpine system.1
• Central Alps: This zone is characterized by distinctive, high-altitude peaks such as the Matterhorn, Dufourspitze, Weisshorn, and Finsteraarhorn. Additionally, the Central Alps are notable for hosting several great glacial lakes, including Como and Maggiore in the south, and Thun, Brienz, and Lucerne in the north.1