How are the Apennines related geologically to the Atlas Mountains of North Africa?

Geologically, the Apennine Range and the Atlas Mountains of North Africa are related as part of the younger mountain ranges within the Alpine system.1

This broader tectonic mosaic formed during the Cenozoic Era as a result of the northward compression of the African continent into Europe, which led to the destruction of the Tethys Sea through subduction and the collision of various microplates. While the Apennines were built by the folding and faulting of sedimentary rock on the Italian peninsula, the mountain-building processes across northern Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco were similarly influenced by the collision of crustal fragments with North Africa. Both regions remain tectonically active today, with ongoing compression between plates frequently resulting in seismic disturbances such as earthquakes.234