How are Bactrian camels adapted to the Gobi Desert’s extreme climate?

The Bactrian camel is uniquely adapted to the extreme seasonal shifts of the Gobi Desert, which experiences both bitter winters and intense summer heat.1

Physical Adaptations

• Temperature Regulation: Bactrian camels grow a thick, woolly coat at the end of summer to insulate them against harsh winter temperatures. Conversely, their humps store fatty tissue, which serves as an energy reserve during food scarcity and helps dissipate body heat during the day.23
• Water Conservation: They are highly efficient at retaining water, producing only small amounts of urine and dry feces. They can tolerate significant dehydration, losing up to 25–30 percent of their body weight, and can rehydrate rapidly by consuming large quantities of water when available.24
• Environmental Protection: To navigate the desert, they have nostrils that can be sealed completely and heavy eyelashes that protect their eyes from blowing sand and dust. Their wide, cushioned feet allow them to walk effectively on sandy or snowy terrain.425

Dietary Flexibility

Bactrian camels are herbivorous and can survive on sparse, coarse vegetation—including thorny plants and dry leaves—that other livestock refuse.425