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social science: Quick Facts

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Scientists Sue to Block Trump Administration Changes at National Science Foundation • Nov. 9, 2026, 4:07 PM ET (New York Times)
New survey measures make double consciousness testable in studies of Black Americans • Nov. 3, 2026, 11:20 AM ET (Phys.org)

Photos

Roger Bacon
Copernicus
Galileo
René Descartes
James Tassie: Adam Smith
Thomas Robert Malthus
Alexis de Tocqueville
Matthew Arnold
Auguste Comte
Portrait of British philosopher Herbert Spencer, shown with a receding hairline, long sideburns, and formal attire.
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Key People

Émile Durkheim
Émile Durkheim
French social scientist
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Joan Wallach Scott
American historian
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Rensis Likert
American social scientist
Herbert A. Simon
Herbert A. Simon
American social scientist
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Jacques Ellul
French social scientist, theologian, and philosopher
Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey
German philosopher
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Edward L. Thorndike
American psychologist
Charles Taylor
Charles Taylor
Canadian philosopher
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David L. Sills
American sociologist