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philosophy: Quick Facts

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Photos and Videos

Raphael: School of Athens
Confucius
René Descartes
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Pythagoras
Hannah Arendt, wearing a pearl necklace and holding a cigarette, looks thoughtfully at the camera in a black-and-white portrait from around 1963.
Allan Ramsay: David Hume
Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche wearing glasses, a suit with a bow tie, and sporting a thick mustache.
Friedrich Schelling.
Examine what is known about the ancient Athenian philosopher Socrates from Plato's dialogues and other sources
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Related Topics and References

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Key People

Marble bust of Aristotle with a beard and draped robe, showing detailed facial features and wavy hair, set against a dark background.
Aristotle
Greek philosopher
Socrates
Socrates
Greek philosopher
The Greek philosopher Plato
Plato
Greek philosopher
Confucius
Confucius
Chinese philosopher
Justus of Ghent: Saint Augustine
St. Augustine
Christian bishop and theologian
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon
British author, philosopher, and statesman
John Locke
John Locke
English philosopher
Profile portrait of Immanuel Kant facing right, framed by a green Ouroboros serpent forming an oval, with a geometric symbol below the frame.
Immanuel Kant
German philosopher
Karl Marx
Karl Marx
German philosopher
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Swiss-born French philosopher
Noam Chomsky wearing glasses and a dark sweater, looking slightly to the side during an interview.
Noam Chomsky
American linguist
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German philosopher
René Descartes
René Descartes
French mathematician and philosopher
Life-sized plaster sculpture Seated Voltaire by Jean-Antoine Houdon shows Voltaire draped in a robe, seated with a thoughtful expression and a ribbon crown, against a dark background.
Voltaire
French philosopher and author
Engraved portrait of Benedict de Spinoza by Friedrich Roth-Scholtz, showing Spinoza in formal 17th-century attire with a circular symbol in the upper left corner.
Benedict de Spinoza
Dutch-Jewish philosopher
Adam Smith
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher
David Hume
David Hume
Scottish philosopher
English philosopher Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes
English philosopher
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill
British philosopher and economist
St. Thomas Aquinas
St. Thomas Aquinas
Italian Christian theologian and philosopher

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Agathon (centre) greeting guests in "Plato's Symposium" oil on canvas by Anselm Feuerbach, 1869; in the Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Philosophy 101
Hypatia. Hypatia (b. c355-415) Egyptian Neoplatonist philosopher who was the first notable woman in mathematics. She was murdered by followers of Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria.
Odd Facts About Philosophers
David Hume in the background St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, Scotland. Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism.
What’s In a Name? Philosopher Edition