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History of Germany: Quick Facts

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Germany
Political map of Germany showing state boundaries, major cities, and neighboring countries including Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. A small inset locator map in the top left highlights Germany's position within Europe.
Map showing the maximum territorial extent of the Roman Empire in AD 117, shaded in yellow, spanning from western Europe and North Africa to the Near East. Major rivers and seas are labeled, and various symbols mark the locations of Roman colonies and municipia established during the Pre-Caesarian, Caesarian, and Augustan periods. The boundary at the death of Emperor Trajan is highlighted.
Historical map showing the division of the Frankish kingdom among the sons of Clovis after his death in 511. The map uses different colors to indicate territories ruled by Theodoric I, Clodomir, Childebert I, and Chlotar I, as well as undetermined areas, within the broader outline of the Frankish kingdom at Clovis's accession. Major cities and neighboring kingdoms such as the Visigothic Kingdom and Ostrogothic Kingdom are also labeled.
Historical map of Western Europe showing the Frankish domains during the time of Charles Martel, with approximate boundaries. The map uses color shading to distinguish regions of Neustria, Austrasia, Burgundy, and dependent territories, covering areas that now include parts of France, Germany, the Low Countries, and northern Italy, and labels major neighboring kingdoms and regions.
Charlemagne and Leo III
Map of Europe about 800 CE showing the extent of the Frankish kingdom under Charlemagne in light purple, covering much of present-day France, Germany, northern Italy, and neighboring regions. Areas inhabited by Slavic peoples who were tributary to Charlemagne are shaded in a darker purple to the east of the Frankish kingdom, including groups such as the Bohemians, Moravians, and Croats. Major cities, rivers, and neighboring kingdoms are labeled for context.
Historical map showing the regions of Germany in the 10th and 11th centuries, with color-coded territories such as Saxony, Bavaria, Swabia, Lorraine, Franconia, and Carinthia. The map includes major cities, bishoprics, archbishoprics, and neighboring areas like France, Bohemia, and Hungary, highlighting the political divisions and ecclesiastical centers of the era.
Stone sculptures of Otto I and his wife Edith, both crowned and seated, displayed side by side in the cathedral at Magdeburg, Germany.
Henry IV
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